Penjelasan
Tenses
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk
menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu
perbuatan atau peristiwa.
Contoh Kalimat :
- My father goes to post office.
- I have not finished my homework
- She had helped her mother after she played a game.
Present
Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
1. Simple
Present Tense
Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.
Contoh :
We agree with the speaker’s opinion.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
|
(-) S +
do/does not + V1 + O
|
(?)
Do/Does + S + V + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S + be
+ Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S + be
+ not +Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) Be + S
+ Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
2. Present
Continuous Tense
Membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan.
Contoh : I’m
driving a car to Bandung now.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S + be
+ V-ing + O
|
(-) S + be
+ not + V-ing + O
|
(?) Be + S
+ V-ing + O
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S + be
+ Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S + be
+ not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) Be + S
+ Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
3. Present
Perfect Tense
Pola kalimat yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh hingga
sekarang.
Contoh : I
have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Have/Has + V3 + O
|
(-) S +
Have/Has + not + V3 + O
|
(?)
Have/has + S + V3 + O
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
have/has + be 3 (been) + non verb + O
|
(-) S +
have/has + not + be 3 + non verb + O
|
(?)
Have/has + S + be 3 + non verb + O?
|
4. Present
Perfect Continuous
Tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Tenses ini juga digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lalu
dan baru saja selesai.
Contoh : The
toddlers have been playing a ball for an hour.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
have/has + been + V-ing + O +Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
has/have + been + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
has/have + not + been + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Has/have + S + been + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
|
Past Tense
(Waktu Lampau)
1. Simple
Past Tense
Menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Contoh :
The party started at 10.00 a.m.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S + V2
+ O + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
did + not + V1 + O + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) Did +
S + V1 + O + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S + to
be(was/were) + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S + to
be(was/were) + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) to
be(Was/were) + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
2. Past
Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu
tertentu di masa lampau
Contoh :
The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S + to
be(was/were) + V-ing + O
|
(-) S + to
be(was/were) + not + V-ing + O
|
(?) to
be(was/were) + S + V-ing + O
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S + to
be(was/were) + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S + to
be(was/were) + not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) to
be(was/were) + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
3. Past
Perfect Tense
Mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa
lampau.
Contoh :
The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
had + V3
|
(-) S +
had + not + V3
|
(?) Had +
S + V3
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
had + been + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
had + not + been + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) Had +
S + been + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
4. Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Mengekspresikan suatu kejadian yang sudah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di
masa lampau tapi saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
Contoh :
The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
had + been + V-ing
|
(-) S +
had + not + been + V-ing
|
(?) Had +
S + been + V-ing
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Had + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Had + Not + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?) Had +
S + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
Future
Tense(Waktu yang Akan Datang)
1. Simple
Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan
datang.
Contoh : The
party started at 10.00 a.m.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Will/Shall + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Will/Shall + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Will/Shall + not + be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
2. Future
Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung atau
akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh : He
will be sleeping at 10 p.m.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
will/shall + be + V-ing + O
|
(-) S +
will/shall + not + be + V-ing + O
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + O + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
will/shall + be + being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
will/shall + not + be + being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + be + being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
3. Future
Perfect Tense
Mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada suatu titik waktu
di masa depan.
Contoh : At
this time next month, I’ll have finished my English course.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
will/shall + not + have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
will/shall + not + have + been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/shall + S + have + been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
4. Future
Perfect Continuous Tense
Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di waktu yang
akan datang dimasa lampau
Contoh : The
cat will have been sleeping long when you get home.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
Past Future
(Akan datang di waktu lampau)
1. Simple
Past Future Tense
Menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan, membuat prediksi, dan membuat janji
di masa depan pada saat berada dimasa lalu.
Contoh : He
would forgive you.
Rumus Verbal
|
((+) S +
Would/Should + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
2. Past
Future Continuous Tense
Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung
pada waktu lampau.
Contoh : He
will be sleeping at 10 p.m.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Be + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + Be + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Be + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Be + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + Be + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Be + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
3. Past
Future Perfect Tense
Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu
lampau atau menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya
sudah pasti tidak akan terpenuhi.
Contoh : I
thought you would have slept by the time I arrived.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should+ Not + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
4. Past
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung.
Contoh :
My boyfriend would have been giving flower at this hour yesterday
morning.
Rumus Verbal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|
Rumus Nominal
|
(+) S +
Would/Should + Have + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(-) S +
Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
|
(?)
Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
|