Tenses

 
Penjelasan Tenses
 

Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa.

Contoh Kalimat :
- My father goes to post office.
- I have not finished my homework
- She had helped her mother after she played a game.

Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

1. Simple Present Tense
    Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.
Contoh :   We agree with the speaker’s opinion.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + V1 s/es + O
	(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O
	(?) Do/Does + S + V + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + be + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + be + not +Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Be + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb

2. Present Continuous Tense
    Membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan.
Contoh :  I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + be + V-ing + O
	(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
	(?) Be + S + V-ing + O
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + be + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + be + not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Be + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb

3. Present Perfect Tense
    Pola kalimat yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh hingga sekarang.
Contoh :  I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
	(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
	(?) Have/has + S + V3 + O
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + have/has + be 3 (been) + non verb + O
	(-) S + have/has + not + be 3 + non verb + O
	(?) Have/has + S + be 3 + non verb + O?

4. Present Perfect Continuous
    Tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Tenses ini juga digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lalu dan baru saja selesai.
Contoh :  The toddlers have been playing a ball for an hour.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O +Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + has/have + been + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + has/have + not + been + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Has/have + S + been + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb

Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

1. Simple Past Tense
    Menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Contoh :   The party started at 10.00 a.m.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + V2 + O + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Did + S + V1 + O + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + to be(was/were) + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + to be(was/were) + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) to be(Was/were) + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb

2. Past Continuous Tense 
    Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau
Contoh :   The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + to be(was/were) + V-ing + O
	(-) S + to be(was/were) + not + V-ing + O
	(?) to be(was/were) + S + V-ing + O
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + to be(was/were) + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + to be(was/were) + not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) to be(was/were) + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb

3. Past Perfect Tense
    Mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh :   The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + had + V3
	(-) S + had + not + V3
	(?) Had + S + V3
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + had + been + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + had + not + been + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Had + S + been + Noun/Adjective/Adverb

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
    Mengekspresikan suatu kejadian yang sudah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau tapi saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
Contoh :   The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + had + been + V-ing
	(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
	(?) Had + S + been + V-ing
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb

Future Tense(Waktu yang Akan Datang)

1. Simple Future Tense
    Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh :  The party started at 10.00 a.m.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

2. Future Continuous Tense
    Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung atau akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh :  He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
	(-) S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing + O
	(?) Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + O + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + will/shall + be + being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + will/shall + not + be + being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/Shall + S + be + being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

3. Future Perfect Tense
    Mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada suatu titik waktu di masa depan.
Contoh :  At this time next month, I’ll have finished my English course.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/shall + S + have + been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang dimasa lampau
Contoh :  The cat will have been sleeping long when you get home.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

Past Future (Akan datang di waktu lampau)

1. Simple Past Future Tense
    Menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan, membuat prediksi, dan membuat janji di masa depan pada saat berada dimasa lalu.
Contoh :  He would forgive you.

Rumus Verbal	((+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Would/Should + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Be + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

2. Past Future Continuous Tense
    Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.
Contoh :  He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Would/Should + Be + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Be + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Would/Should + Be + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Be + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

3. Past Future Perfect Tense
    Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu lampau atau menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak akan terpenuhi.
Contoh :  I thought you would have slept by the time I arrived.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should+ Not + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?

4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung.
Contoh :   My boyfriend would have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning.

Rumus Verbal	(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?
Rumus Nominal	(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
	(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Being + O + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + ?